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KICT wins long-standing customs disputes

In 2013, one of the country’s leading container terminal operators – Karachi International Container Terminal Limited (KICT), modified its fleet of cranes to enable them to be powered by a combination of diesel and electricity. The purpose of the modification was to conserve energy and reduce emissions.

KICT imported the required machinery and equipment from the Peoples’ Republic of China in several partial shipments and claimed concessions and exemptions from duties and taxes under the China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Each shipment was accompanied by a certificate of origin from China.

Further, regarding some goods imported, KICT also claimed concessions under SRO 575(I) of 2006 (SRO 575), which applied inter alia to capital goods not manufactured in Pakistan for infrastructure sector projects. One of the conditions for eligibility of the concessions under SRO 575 was a certification from the Board of Investment (BOI), Government of Pakistan that the imported goods are bona fide required by the importer for a particular project. KICT applied for such certification well before the first shipment landed in Pakistan. However, the BOI issued the certification after some shipments had already arrived. KICT’s application was accompanied by a confirmation from the Engineering Development Board, Government of Pakistan, that the machinery and equipment for which the certification was sought from BOI were not manufactured locally.

After clearance of the imported goods, Pakistan Customs initiated post-clearance audit proceedings. They alleged that KICT was not entitled to the concessions and exemptions under the FTA because the certificate of origin did not cover all the goods in the shipment. Customs also took issue with the customs classifications of the imported goods declared at the time of clearance. Such classification was material for the goods’ eligibility for the benefits of the FTA. Further, though Customs did not raise any such allegation in the show cause notice, they found that shipments that arrived before the issuance of the BOI certificate were not eligible for concessions under SRO 575. Customs raised a substantial demand against KICT for duties and taxes on these bases.
 
We represented KICT in the Customs Appellate Tribunal in Karachi. During the proceedings, we demonstrated that even though the certificates of origin mentioned only one HS Code, and a generic collective description of the goods, on a contextual reading, they covered all the goods comprised in each shipment. We also argued that Customs could not have made an adverse finding based on a certificate of origin without first undertaking the procedure prescribed in the FTA for verifying the certificate of origin with the issuing authority in China. As to classification, though many of the goods of the nature imported had not previously been imported into Pakistan, we were able to satisfy the Tribunal on the appropriateness of the tariff headings proposed by KICT by referring to the Explanatory Notes to the Harmonized System published by the World Customs Organization. As to Customs deciding not to allow the benefit of concessions under SRO 575 to goods that arrived before the issuance of the BOI certification, in the first instance, we contended that Customs’ order could not properly have been premised on a finding which was not put forth to KICT in the show cause notice. Further, we argued that the BOI certification applied to all the goods imported in identical partial shipments rather than under any specific shipment. Therefore, the benefit of concessions under SRO 575 should not be withheld from earlier shipments due to BOI’s delay in issuing the certification.

The Tribunal allowed KICT’s appeals and overturned the orders made by Pakistan Customs and their demand for duties and taxes. Disputes relating to certificates of origin are often grounds for Customs to deny the benefits available under FTAs. The Tribunal’s authoritative judgments in KICT’s cases have developed the law on the principles applicable to interpreting certificates of origin issued under FTAs. Further, the judgments are also relevant to disputes relating to duty and tax concessions that continue to be given by the Government of Pakistan to goods not manufactured in Pakistan.
 
Dispute resolution partner Mayhar Mustafa Kazi led the team representing KICT in the Customs Appellate Tribunal.

For more information, call Mayhar Mustafa Kazi today.


Appellate Tribunal sets aside anti-dumping duties

We recently acted for a Bangladeshi exporter challenging the decision of the National Tariff Commission (NTC) to continue the imposition of anti-dumping duties on imports of hydrogen peroxide from Bangladesh before the Anti-Dumping Appellate Tribunal.

The NTC had initially imposed anti-dumping duties on imports of hydrogen peroxide from Bangladesh for five years, starting in October 2015. On the conclusion of sunset review proceedings in October 2021, the NTC decided to continue the imposition of duties for a further five-year period.

We challenged the NTC’s determination as contrary to the Anti-Dumping Duties Act 2015 mandate and Pakistan’s commitments under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and the Anti-Dumping Agreement. The Tribunal agreed with our client’s position and set aside the imposition by the NTC of the duties in the sunset review.

Our team in this matter was led by partner Mazhar Bangash. It also comprised associate Momin Taufiq.

For more information, speak to partner Mazhar Bangash today.

This article is not legal advice; it provides information of general interest about current legal issues.


RIAA Barker Gillette is Pakistan’s premier law firm, with an on-the-ground presence in four major cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore, and Peshawar, and affiliated offices in Dubai (DIFC) and London.

The firm practices in all areas of corporate, commercial and dispute resolution law. Leading international legal directories consistently recognize the firm as a top-tier law firm in Pakistan.

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RIAA Barker Gillette is the exclusive member firm in Pakistan for Lex Mundi, the world’s leading network of independent law firms with in-depth experience in over 125 countries worldwide.  


Advising renewable energy project on insurance claims

We are advising a renewable energy project on insurance claim(s) arising from property damage on-site. Our advice includes assessing (a) the responsibility of the Operations and Maintenance contractor to undertake mitigatory measures; (b) whether the subrogation rights of the insurer have been triggered under the insurance policies; and (c) business interruption claims.

Our team advising the renewable energy project on this matter is led by Hasnain Naqvee (Senior Partner-Pakistan).


Reforming the regime for resolution of trade disputes

In 2018, as part of the Pakistan Regional Economic Integration Activity (PREIA), we were engaged by Development Alternatives, Inc. to advise the Ministry of Commerce, Government of Pakistan (MoC), on mechanisms for the resolution of trade and related disputes in Pakistan.

We assisted MoC with identifying key areas for reform in the existing system and conceiving a framework for reform. We also shared our recommendations on the statutory provisions necessary for making the resolution of trade disputes more efficient. Our advice has culminated in the Trade Dispute Resolution Bill, which provides for several mechanisms, including expedited litigation and alternate dispute resolution (ADR), for the resolution of disputes relating to the export and import of goods and services, including by means of e-commerce.

The Bill provides for the establishment of a Trade Disputes Resolution Commission having certain powers of a civil court to which parties may refer their disputes. The Commission will allocate such dispute to an appropriate dispute resolution mechanism, including expedited litigation by a commercial bench of a High Court, ADR (including arbitration) and final determination of the dispute by the Commission.

In establishing an efficient mechanism for the resolution of trade disputes, the Bill aims to improve the enforcement of contracts in Pakistan, an area long identified in the World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Index as requiring improvement in Pakistan.

The proposed Bill has been approved by the Cabinet as well as the Standing Committee on Commerce and now awaits presentation before Parliament.

Our team in this matter was led by partner Mazhar Bangash.

For further details, please see the Tribune’s article.

This article is not legal advice; it provides information of general interest about current legal issues.


RIAA Barker Gillette is Pakistan’s premier law firm, with an on-the-ground presence in four major cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore, and Peshawar, and affiliated offices in Dubai (DIFC) and London.

The firm practices in all areas of corporate, commercial and dispute resolution law. Leading international legal directories consistently recognize the firm as a top-tier law firm in Pakistan.

Lex Mundi Logo

RIAA Barker Gillette is the exclusive member firm in Pakistan for Lex Mundi, the world’s leading network of independent law firms with in-depth experience in over 125 countries worldwide.  


Advising major global telecommunications equipment manufacturer

We recently advised a leading global telecommunications equipment manufacturer on the Pakistan laws applicable to their products and business. Our comprehensive advice covered several legislative enactments on cyber security, telecoms and the proposed legislation on data protection.

While Pakistan does not currently have any specific legislation on personal data protection, certain aspects of this subject are dealt with by statutes dealing with allied and more general areas. These include laws dealing with electronic crimes, surveillance and interception of communications by law enforcement agencies, electronic transactions and sector-specific laws on banking and telecoms. We also advised the multi-national telecommunications equipment manufacturer on the Pakistani legal regime on trade secrets and the protection of other forms of intellectual property.

Our team in this matter was led by partner Mazhar Bangash and comprised associate Momin Taufiq.

This article is not legal advice; it provides information of general interest about current legal issues.


RIAA Barker Gillette is Pakistan’s premier law firm, with an on-the-ground presence in four major cities in Pakistan: Karachi, Islamabad, Lahore, and Peshawar, and affiliated offices in Dubai (DIFC) and London.

The firm practices in all areas of corporate, commercial and dispute resolution law. Leading international legal directories consistently recognize the firm as a top-tier law firm in Pakistan.

Lex Mundi Logo

RIAA Barker Gillette is the exclusive member firm in Pakistan for Lex Mundi, the world’s leading network of independent law firms with in-depth experience in over 125 countries worldwide.  


Advising IPPs on taxation of dividends

Before the passage of the Finance Act 2019, the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001 (ITO) required Independent Power Producers (IPPs) to withhold tax at the concessional rate of 7.5% on dividends paid by them to shareholders. Depending on the terms of the concession documents of IPPs and tariff determinations issued by the National Electric Power Regulatory Authority (NEPRA), withholding tax on dividends was either treated as a pass-through item or borne by the IPP’s shareholder at the rate of 7.5%.

The Finance Act 2019 amended the ITO by enhancing the rate of withholding tax to 25% for those IPPs whose concession documents did not expressly allow withholding tax to be treated as a pass-through item. This change affected many IPPs, irrespective of the power policy under which they were established, their generation technology or whether their shareholders are local or foreign. We have advised numerous IPPs on addressing the increase in withholding tax and have undertaken advocacy on their behalf with relevant GOP entities. We are continuing to advise them on a strategy for achieving a lasting settlement of this issue.

The team advising on this matter was led by Senior Partner Hasnain Naqvee.

For further details on this matter, please see https://www.brecorder.com/news/10000090


RIAA Barker Gillette (Pakistan) maintains top rankings in Chambers Asia Pacific 2023

Chambers and Partners has ranked RIAA Barker Gillette and its lawyers as front-runners in their areas of practice in the 2023 editions of the Chambers Asia Pacific Guide.

The Chambers Asia-Pacific guide and rankings provide the most in-depth and reliable recommendations on the best law firms and lawyers working across the legal market in Asia-Pacific. The Firm’s profile for the Chambers Asia Pacific Guide 2023 may be accessed through the following link: Chambers Asia Pacific Guide – RIAA Barker Gillette.

We have been ranked in Band 1 for our Corporate / Commercial and Projects, Infrastructure & Energy practices. Our Banking & Finance and Commercial Dispute Resolution (litigation and arbitration) practices have been ranked in Band 2. Notably, our Employment (employment, labour and industrial relations) practice has been ranked for the first time in the 2023 rankings. Partners Bilal Shaukat, Hasnain Naqvee, Omer Soomro, Mazhar Bangash and Mayhar Kazi have again been recognized as leading lawyers for their work in these practices. We are delighted that our partner, Adil Tirmizey has been ranked for the first time in our Projects, Infrastructure & Energy Practice.

The above rankings are based on rigorous research and feedback from our clients and peers by the Chambers team. An example of the feedback given anonymously by one of our clients is “I find the team at RIAA very capable of unravelling complex legal questions and handling sophisticated transactions very diligently and with thoroughness.”

We are delighted to consistently receive recognition from leading international legal directories, particularly based on high praise from our clients that value our ability to provide commercially sound legal solutions. We endeavor to ensure that we continue to maintain our reputation of providing high-quality service to our clients, across distinct practice areas and industry sectors.


Syngenta pioneers agriculture ecosystem

Syngenta Pakistan Limited (Syngenta), a leader in plant sciences, has commenced work on a landmark project to develop state-of-the-art ecosystems for farmers in Pakistan by partnering with fellow market players providing goods and services required by the agriculture industry. The project follows the success of a similar project undertaken by Syngenta’s affiliates in other countries, including Indonesia.

Syngenta seeks to set up one-stop locations offering end-to-end solutions to farmers across Pakistan – the first of their kind in the country. These will be centred around the core requirements of farmers and offer essential products such as fertilizers, crop protection, seeds, and services, including drone spraying, crop insurance, agriculture financing, soil analysis, smart climate advice and disaster management consulting. Many of these services are only just beginning to be provided in Pakistan.
 
We are advising Syngenta on this project across Pakistan. Our role entails reviewing and analyzing sector-specific regulatory statutes, providing advice on the licensing and registration requirements for the products and services to be offered, preparing the commercial contracts that will underpin the project, and advising on land acquisition and transfer.    
 
Our team working with Syngenta is led by Shafaq Rehman (Partner-Pakistan), assisted by Ahmed Nisar (Associate-Lahore).


Sindh High Court’s Company Bench hands down noteworthy judgment on applicability of Islamic inheritance law to proceedings under the Companies Act, 2017

We acted for a majority shareholder of a well-known textile manufacturing company in defending a petition brought in the Sindh High Court by a minority shareholder under section 286 of the Companies Act, 2017 (the Act), alleging oppression and mismanagement.

We raised a preliminary issue of standing before the High Court, contending that the petitioners did not cumulatively hold the minimum 10% shareholding in the company required to maintain the petition. The petitioners argued that they held the necessary shareholding by virtue of the general principle of Islamic inheritance law, under which a person’s estate devolves upon the legal heirs in proportion to their respective shares immediately upon death.

As the Act is relatively new legislation, most of the available reported judgments on minimum shareholding are related to the period when the corresponding provision, section 290 of the Companies Ordinance, 1984, was in force. These judgments held that the shareholding threshold had to be strictly enforced and could not be treated as a mere technicality. We also argued that the general principle of Islamic inheritance law was overridden by section 78 of the Act, under which shares of a deceased member can be transferred to legal heirs only upon an application to the company duly supported by a succession certificate or lawful award.

The High Court ultimately dismissed the petition, holding that the minimum shareholding requirement had to be applied strictly and that the petitioners did not have the minimum shareholding required to maintain the petition. The High Court agreed with our argument that section 78 of the Act was a special law and, therefore, over rode the general principle of Islamic inheritance law that the estate devolves on legal heirs immediately on death.

The decision underlines how important it is for legal heirs of shareholders to complete the procedure for transfer of shares prescribed in section 78 of the Act so that they can invoke their statutory rights as company members.

Our team for this matter comprised Pakistan Partner Omer Soomro and Associate Zahid Ali Sahito.


Sindh High Court grants interim relief to global commodity group pending international arbitration

We represent a major global commodity trading group in a multi-million dollar dispute with a Pakistani purchaser. Both parties had entered a long-term supply contract that required each of them to provide the other security for their respective obligations in the form of an on-demand banking instrument for tens of millions of dollars. The contract required disputes to be resolved by international arbitration in London. A dispute arose under the contract, leading to the purchaser seeking to encash the security instrument provided by our client.

To avoid breaching the arbitration agreement, we filed an application under section 3 of the Recognition and Enforcement (Arbitration Agreements and Foreign Arbitral Awards) Act, 2011, before the High Court seeking an order referring the parties to arbitration in accordance with the contract. By way of interim measures, we sought an order restraining the encashment of the security pending arbitration. As it happened, the purchaser filed civil proceedings the same day before the High Court to seek an interim injunction restraining the anticipated encashment of the security provided to our client. Both cases came up for hearing before the same learned Judge who, recognizing the urgency, heard and decided both applications for interim relief on the same day. A common order dismissed both applications passed later that day.

Our client sought to challenge such an order in an intra-court appeal we filed the following day. When our client’s application for interim injunction was heard, the foreign issuing bank had paid its correspondent bank in Pakistan, which was yet to make further payment to the purchaser. We obtained relief for the client requiring the correspondent bank to withhold the money from the purchaser until the dispute could be finally decided in arbitration.

Our team on this matter is led by Pakistan Partner Mayhar Mustafa Kazi and comprises Associate Partner Shahbakht Pirzada.


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What clients say...

  • Chambers Asia-Pacific 2025

    "RIAA Barker Gillette has always had the most apt ability to handle, manage and steer complex and difficult matters in the right legal direction."

  • Legal 500 2025

    "We have worked with RIAA on a number of complex multi-jurisdictional matters. Throughout, they provided not only exceptional local advice but proved excellent at collaborating with firms across the world. They were instrumental in developing and implementing a comprehensive strategy."

  • Chambers Asia-Pacific 2025

    "Our operation is complex and has many nuances, and they have helped us navigate all of them promptly and professionally."

  • Legal 500 2024

    "Very professional firm, able to provide clear, concise and constructive advice. Proven very astute in formulating overall strategies of engagement."

  • Chambers Asia-Pacific 2024

    "RIAA is highly professional, meeting tight deadlines with the utmost proficiency. They have always come up with out-of-the-box solutions."

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